Film techniques

1. Cinematography
   1. Distance of shot.- The distance of a shot can influence the meaning of a scene.
      • Close-up: Usually used to show tension
      • Extreme close-up. - It focuses on a single feature
      • Medium shot
      • Long shot
      • Establishing shot. - It used to give the audience a sense of locality
   2. Camera angles.- They are used to show meaning and emotion about characters.
      • Low angle shot.
      • Straight angle shot.
      • Equality between subject and audience.
      • High angle shot.
      • Canted or Oblique.
2. Mise en scène.- It refers to "the Set"; it is applied to refer to everything that is presented before the camera.
   1. Movement and expression.- Movement can be used by film makers to make meaning.
3. Camera view, angle, movement, shot.- Aerial shot, American shot, Bird's eye shot, Close up, Crane shot, Dolly zoom, Dutch angle, Establishing shot, Evangelion shot, Follow shot, Forced perspective, Freeze frame shot, High-angle shot, Long shot, Long take, Low-angle shot, Master shot, Matte, Medium shot, Pan shot, Point of view shot, Reaction shot, Sequence shot, Shot, Shot reverse shot, SnorriCam, Talking head, Tracking shot, Trunk shot, Two Shot, Video frame, Whip pan.


4. Lighting technique and aesthetics.- Background lighting, Cameo lighting, Fill light, Flood lighting, High-key lighting, Key lighting, Lens flare, Low-key lighting, Mood lighting, Pool hall lighting, Rembrandt lighting, Stage lighting, Soft light.


5. Editing and transitional devices.- A Roll, B Roll, A and B editing, Cross cutting, Cutaway, Cut in, Dissolve, Editing, Establishing shot, Fast cutting, Flashback, Insert, Jump cut, Keying, L cut ("split edit"), Master shot, Match cut, Montage, Point of view shot, Screen direction, Sequence shot, Slow cutting, Split screen, SMPTE time code, Shot reverse shot, Talking head, Wipe (Clock wipe, Heart wipe, Matrix wipe,Star wipe).


6. Special effects (FX).- 3-D film for movie history, 3-D computer graphics, Bluescreen/Chroma key, Bullet time, Computer-generated imagery, Digital compositing, Optical effects, Special effects, Stereoscopy for 3D technical details, Stop trick, Stop motion.
   1. Lighting.- A filmmaker can use lights in order to influence the meaning of a shot.
7. Sound.- Sound is used by filmmakers in order to improve a scene.
   • Diegetic sound.- These sounds have a source which is visible in the screen, for example voices of actors, sounds made by objects in the history, etc.
   • Non-diegetic sound.- It is also called commentary sound. These sounds coming from a source which is not visible in the screen, for example the voice of God, narrator's commentary, etc.
     1. Sound effects.- Sound effects include artificial or natural sounds, except speech and music. For example, the sounds of a car accident, a fight, or an avalanche are made by using sound effects.
8. Techniques in interactive movies.- New techniques developed in interactive movies allow spectators to change the course of a movie.